This 3D "Surficial Geology Map" represents the 4 main geologic units in the Connecticut River Valley near Springfield, MA. The map was created by overlaying SHP files on a 3D surface. The 3D surface was created from open-source Lidar data downloaded from The National Map. Geologic units were downloaded from the MassGIS (https://www.mass.gov/info-details/massgis-data-usgs-124000-surficial-geology). The airports lay on deltas formed from glacial outwash flows into historical Glacial Lake Hitchcock. You can read Steve’s article on his map here: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/whats-better-old-school-new-stephen-boynton/?trackingId=wWetnzsfR%2Fq6n0gMKb6eSw%3D%3D"

NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Lab estimated the aragonite and calcite saturation state, excess alkalinity and carbonate dissolution in the water column. This plot displays the location of aragonite and calcite saturation state and allowed them to determine the amount of calcium carbonate added by particle dissolution in the Pacific Ocean, north of 40°S, to be 157 Pg C as calcium carbonate. This amounts to an average dissolution rate of ~0.31 Pg C per year, which is approximately 74% of the export production of calcium carbonate estimated for the Pacific Ocean. Image courtesy of Dana Greeley, Physical Scientist, NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Lab. Feely, R.A., C.L. Sabine, K. Lee, F.J. Millero, M.F. Lamb, D. Greeley, J.L. Bullister, R.M. Key, T.-H. Peng, A. Kozyr, T. Ono, and C.S. Wong, "In situ calcium carbonate dissolution in the Pacific Ocean", Global Biogeochemical Cycles, AGU, December 2002 (https://www.pmel.noaa.gov/public/pmel/publications-search/search_abstract.php?fmContributionNum=2438)

An interesting "collapse structure" close to the Elysium Mons volcano complex on Mars. It may be possible that this feature is linked to both volcanic activity and/or melting of sub-surface ice to generate a "void" into which the surface rocks have collapsed but is difficult to prove conclusively. Ring faults are well defined and a localised ejecta margin. An explosive volcanic event followed by collapse is also a possibility given the proximity to the Elysium complex. Image courtesy of Lester Anderson

Illustrative cross section of multiple layers plotted in Surfer. Image courtesy of http://www.strike-dip.com

LiDAR data for the Crater Lake area of Oregon with a full resolution of 3m for areas within the Cascades.
Image courtesy of Lester Anderson B.Sc. M.Sc. D.I.C, Structural geologist and cartographer
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